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Microplastic pollution, as a global environmental problem, still shows huge challenges in frontier scientific issues. Currently, the research is increasing on the uptake of microplastics by plants, as well as response of plants to microplastics. However, research on environmental factors affecting the uptake of microplastics by plants is still limited. Based on the hydroponic experiment in laboratory, the quantitative uptake of polystyrene (PS) microplastics (0.2 μm) by wheat seedling (Triticum aestivum) was investigated under different temperature and humidity conditions (high transpiration environment: 30℃, 55% RH; low transpiration environment: 10℃, 85% RH). Furthermore, the changes in wheat growth and the physiological state were also analyzed, including indicators of morphology, photosynthesis and biochemistry. The results show that the accumulation amount of microplastics in wheat increased significantly with the increase of exposure concentration. Besides, the uptake amount of microplastics by wheat roots was 1.5 times higher in high transpiration environment than those in low transpiration environment. Under high transpiration environment, PS microplastics inhibited growth of wheat root and the activity of peroxidase in wheat shoot. Under the condition of high concentration with 200 mg· L-1 of PS microplastics, it showed a significant decrease in the content of chlorophyll b but significant increase in the content of malondialdehyde in wheat roots and activity of superoxide dismutase in wheat shoots. Under low transpiration environment, a high concentration (200 mg· L-1) of PS microplastics caused the content of malondialdehyde …